Ballistic modifiers for nitrocellulose gunpowder

Abstract. The research deals with the synthesis and application of esters of diethylene glycol and nitrobenzoic acids. These compounds can be used in smokeless propellants as combustion modifiers that influence the burning character of the propellant. Diethylene glycol-bis(nitrobenzoates) have a higher energy content and a more favourable oxygen balance than currently used modifiers Centralites and Akardites. Diethylene glycol-bis(2-nitrobenzoate), diethylene glycol-bis(3-nitrobenzoate), diethylene glycol-bis(4-nitrobenzoate) and diethylene glycol-bis(3,5-dinitrobenzoate) were prepared by the reaction of nitrobenzoyl chlorides with diethylene glycol. The materials were applied to the surface of the grain of smokeless powder of the D090 type (single-based, nitroglycerine soak tube grain propellant) and tested in a weapon assembly for calibre .338 Lapua Magnum with a projectile weighing 19.44 g and a diameter of 8.6 mm. The shooting took place at temperatures of -54 °C, 21 °C and 52 °C. The results of the shooting show that diethylene glycol-bis(nitrobenzoates) have a lower (and therefore more advantageous) temperature coefficient than Akardite II. Diethylene glycol-bis(3-nitrobenzoate) gave the best results, with a temperature coefficient lower than other derivatives at 52 °C.